Quote verification

This proves the quote below is recorded by Citatio exactly as displayed and has not been altered since it was committed and anchored. It documents Citatio's crawl observation; it does not imply endorsement by the source platform. The quote links to the original review.

“Imagine paying to use a VPN?”

Checks (re-run on this request)

• ✓ Signature — Ed25519 signature over the record hash, verified against the public key at /.well-known/citatio-signing.json
• ✓ Merkle inclusion — Leaf recomputed through the sibling path to the anchored root
• ✓ Public transparency log — Sigstore Rekor log index 3288590621

Proof data

Record hash (SHA-256)

2bd8eca870b2be85d30ec328dfa559a3d1c243d62e2055828089e5c6b112ee9d

Signature (Ed25519, base64)

k+kk3s/+z59AC3nOV2G4jeQbG7nRo1FRLoey/BvcUSoC1bBLIARBJbelO6HMPyZegwm6W2EwBubA96FdhdcHCw==

Merkle root

5ee295eff08f25e1ca2fd839bd395df8ebef79af0e57c3d4ee8d263342a19422

Merkle path

["2bdfe29b7aa8cc653a58fb6a5f18aefc963a83d31b208228ff3bb6c2e9278fcd","352a84ca1457075a1b0bb167dedd0055b04bddd171bdc092d1a36555cbfa0738","a1a028497b3ae15029b86c236a76c1aa970cd1553357a4b921c0b40455576a24","634f3a179c75e5d9b1a36e6dcbad3f1ca3c13385b317f74e12a12eee8d2693ab","0d26b9079ec5c6837a00ec3c2904293f934b12c10a057e8f8dc59257fc4fb9fc","7079705fd8b292f7f05fbb469bba2f3208015e8f03fd6e768f0cec102d594739","3ef3ddfde2dcfdbdb8f4dd27d657d7f3a9e29831d42b516113b96f51d287a001","bc773e57930b3ded49fca4fdab14b994538abb2e80addba2c5ef009b9e399302","1f9a05e97b8ac7e1944affe3079b3edbf24a6ca0c7970ddc228120876c0758a8","fa60901e5d9a6069af23ca58f6f98b17e1d8692c7bbcc30e2eb26411af8beda2","1796b7a61028ee62986581a9c2f32c92a4b98e8f269828a155dab3bacd878595","41ff37d2ba7c20d129650a01caa12fd58478b2ba725f6a1900a5e8a6edde7742","149a88e487e0a55b368195abac6188b4f1a5ff2534a675089a6bffcc120ce8bc"]

Anchored

2026-10-17

Public log entry

search.sigstore.dev, log index 3288590621 · entry 108e9186e8c5677a25c9…

Expected log hash

74cd7239ea435495013841baa58ae65725dc6474b09f06da03b154f0c5d58357 The log entry's spec.data.hash.value must equal this value: the SHA-256 of the Merkle root string above. Recompute it yourself from the root to confirm.

Canonical record

{"dataset_version":"v1792206865504","kind":"published-quote","locale":"en","page":"brand:expressvpn","quote":"Imagine paying to use a VPN?","rating":1,"review_date":"2026-08-27","source":"Google Play","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.expressvpn.vpn","v":1}

Verify in the public log

1. Open the Rekor entry (pre-filled with this proof's log index).
2. In the entry, compare spec.data.hash.value with the "Expected log hash" above: it is the SHA-256 of the Merkle root string (5ee295eff08f…), which ties this proof's root to the log entry.
3. Decode spec.signature.publicKey.content from base64: it must equal Citatio's published key at /.well-known/citatio-signing.json.
4. The entry's integratedTime is the independent timestamp: the root, and with it this quote, existed no later than that moment.
5. Locally, without any Citatio infrastructure: SHA-256 the canonical record (must equal the record hash), verify the Ed25519 signature against the public key, and fold the hash through the Merkle path (sorted-pair SHA-256) to reach the anchored root.